Wednesday, May 6, 2015

Una Critique Potente de los 5 Puntos a Calvinsmo: "Los Pétalos Caen" por Tim Stratton



Los Pétalos Caen: Porque el Calvinismo es Imposible

 Por Tim Stratton (The Thinking Theist)                    

Traducido por Raúl Jaramillo de Lira
        
Uno de los grandes debates detrás de las puertas de la iglesia de hoy es respecto a la soberanía de Dios y la responsabilidad humana. Típicamente, este debate está dividido en dos campos: Calvinismo vs. Arminianismo. Los Calvinistas inmediatamente saltan a defender la providencia de Dios, sin embargo, en el proceso, su caso erradica la libertad humana y la responsabilidad genuina. Los Arminianos usualmente son rápidos en defender la responsabilidad humana del pecado ya que esto da sentido al infierno y previene que Dios sea el ser último culpado del mal. Sin embargo, muchos Arminianos terminan disminuyendo la soberanía de Dios en el proceso.
       Hace años yo luchaba con estas dos ideas, ya que la Biblia parecía afirmar ambas, la soberanía de Dios y la responsabilidad humana. Yo finalmente adopté la posición Calvinista debido a que todas mis influencias pastorales en ese tiempo eran Calvinistas y pasajes bíblicos como Romanos 9 parecían cerrar el caso.[1] Fui más allá de definirme como un Calvinista, lo adopté de todo corazón, ¡lo creía, compraba, enseñaba, predicaba, oraba y lo vivía! Me convertí en un ardiente “Calvinista de 5-puntos.”

        Si no estás familiarizado con el “Calvinismo de 5-Puntos,” está basado en el acrónimo T.U.L.I.P.
Total Depravity            (Depravación Total)
Unconditional Election          (Elección Incondicional)
Limited Atonement                (Redención Limitada)
Irresistible Grace                   (Gracia Irresistible)
Perseverance of the Saints (Perseverancia de los Santos)


        Después de enseñar estos puntos a mi grupo de estudiantes jóvenes años atrás, esta filosofía comenzó a parecer inquietante. Más aún, alrededor de ese tiempo comencé a realmente introducirme en la apologética. Irónicamente, un colega pastoral Calvinista me introdujo al trabajo del Dr. William Lane Craig. Comencé a ver sus debates, y en noviembre del 2010, vi el video del Dr. Craig debatiendo con Christopher Hitchens en la Universidad de Biola.[2] Me empezaba a agradar a este hombre hasta que hizo un comentario en el que no estaba de acuerdo con el Calvinismo.
        WOAH! ¡Detengan todo! ¿Acaso este sujeto quien está sistemáticamente destrozando todos estos argumentos ateístas acaba de denunciar el Calvinismo? Yo inmediatamente hice lo que cualquier aspirante a teólogo haría y ¡busqué en Google! Pronto tropecé con la doctrina del “conocimiento medio” alias “Molinismo.” En resumen, está perspectiva básicamente intenta reconciliar lógicamente la Soberanía de Dios con la libertad  y responsabilidad humana al declarar “Dios escogió crear un mundo en donde él sabía con certitud omnisciente cómo los humanos hubieran escogido libremente.”[3]
        En consecuencia me di cuenta que la dicotomía entre Calvinismo y Arminianismo es una falsa. Es decir, hay otras opciones para considerar; es decir, Teísmo Abierto y Molinismo. Comencé a estudiar todas estas cuatro perspectivas, comparándolas y contrastando todas sus afirmaciones,
Inicialmente, yo estaba inclinado a refutar estas otras cosmovisiones debido a mi compromiso con el Calvinismo. Honestamente las estudiaba casi cada día por casi más de un año para demostrar porque estaban equivocadas y porqué el Calvinismo estaba en lo correcto. Un día estaba manejando hacia mi casa de la oficina de la iglesia, después de haber escudriñado el Molinismo todo el día, y llamé a mi esposa y dije, “Creo que estoy perdiendo mi de – ¡en el Calvinismo!” ¡Yo libremente me etiqueto a mí mismo como un Molinista bona fide!
       Desde ese momento, he llegado a aborrecer las enseñanzas Calvinistas ya que la perspectiva no solo es lógicamente incoherente, pero ¡no es bíblica tampoco! Esto es primeramente debido a la “I” en TULIP y la creencia de que los humanos no son genuinamente responsables de nuestros pensamientos, creencias y acciones. Es decir, un Calvinista consistente niega que la humanidad posee libre albedrío libertariano para escoger o realizar algo. Los Calvinistas típicamente afirman que Dios nos crea con una naturaleza espiritualmente muerta (no somos responsables de esto), y solo Dios puede cambiar nuestra naturaleza para que sea espiritualmente viva (no somos responsables de esto).
       El enfoque de mi tesis de maestría fue probar que el naturalismo ateo es falso al demostrar lógicamente que el alma humana existía. Hice exactamente eso al probar lógicamente que los humanos poseemos libertad libertariana, y esto es solo posible si somos algo más que seres físicos. Es decir, debe de haber algún aspecto de nuestra existencia (i.e. el alma) que nos permite esta libertad en universo material determinista de “causas y efectos.”[4]
Mi tesis sistemáticamente destruyó el naturalismo ateo justo como Pablo describe en 2 Corintios 10:5, pero también hubo daño colateral significante al Calvinismo. De hecho el Calvinismo determinista fue destruido en el proceso de destruir el determinismo naturalista. He desarrollado varios argumentos lógicos demostrando las falacias del Calvinismo y estoy planeando en compartir todos ellos en el futuro, pero por ahora, me enfocaré en uno de ellos que he llamado el Omni-Argumento contra el Calvinismo. El argumento sería:

1. Si el Calvinismo es verdad, todo aquel a quien Dios le provea “gracia irresistible” irá al Cielo y no sufrirá infierno eterno.

2. Si Dios es omnibenevolente,[5] Él no desearía, ni  enviaría a alguien a sufrir el infierno eterno por elecciones que eran incapaces de hacer sin la Gracia Irresistible de Dios.

3. Si Dios es omnipotente, Él podría proveer gracia irresistible a todas las personas.

4. Si Dios es omnisciente, él sabría como proveer gracia irresistible a todas las personas.

5. Algunas personas sufren el infierno eterno.

6. Por lo tanto, ya sea Dios no es omnibenevolente, o no es omnipotente, o no es omnisciente (sean libres de escoger al menos una), o la gracia irresistible (y el Calvinismo) es falso.

Para mis compañeros friki, aquí está mi argumento en una forma simbólica: [6]
1 – C –> P: I & ¬ H(P)
2 – G ≡ OB –> (deseo)
P ¬ H(P)
3 – G ≡ OP –> (podría)
P I(P)
4 – G ≡ OS –> (saber cómo)
P I(P)
5 –
P H(P)
6 –
¬OB v ¬OP v ¬OS v ¬C
       Ésta forma simbólica demuestra que la estructura de mi argumento es válida, y que la conclusión se deduce lógicamente de las premisas. Si uno está comprometido a rechazar la conclusión lógica, deben demostrar cual premisa es falsa para mostrar que mi argumento no es sólido. Un universalista (uno que niega la existencia del infierno eterno) podría rechazar (5) y por lo tanto negar la conclusión. Ello llevaría a un debate en el cual yo tendría que demostrar que el infierno Eterno probablemente existe. Estaría muy contento en no solo usar las Santas Escrituras, sino también lógica solamente para demostrar la verdad de la quinta premisa (manténganse en sintonía para un artículo futuro sobre la falsedad del Universalismo). 
       Ahora, si el Calvinista comprometido afirma que el infierno Eterno si existe, dado que la estructura es válida y la conclusión sigue, debe negar uno de los omni-atributos de Dios, o argumentar que uno de sus omni-atributos no implica lo que yo pienso que implica. La premisa que es usualmente atacada por aquellos que están comprometidos con sus presuposiciones Calvinistas es (2). Traducida de los símbolos de arriba, (2) lee así:
“Dios está definido como omnibenevolente lo que implica que para todas las personas, Él desearía para todas las personas el no sufrir el infierno Eterno.”
[*Nota: En defensa de esta premisa yo añadiría al argumento el calificativo tal como, “injusto,” “por ninguna culpa propia,” o “por ‘elecciones’ ellos eran incapaces de hacer.”]
       Esto parece intuitivamente obvio, ya que simplemente sabemos que buenos jueces no les otorgan pena de muerte a personas por crímenes de los que no fueron responsables. Además, no necesito siquiera apelar a la intuición lógica para apoyar la premisa (2) ya que ¡puedo apelar a las Santas Escrituras mismas! Pablo afirma esta premisa él mismo en 1 Timoteo 2:4 “(Dios) desea/quiere que *TODOS* los hombres sean salvos y vengan al conocimiento de la verdad.” No sé como podría volverse más claro que eso.
       Por lo tanto, si uno afirma que Dios posee sus omniatributos máximamente, y que 1 Timoteo 2:4 es verdad, y que algunas personas sí sufren el Infierno eterno, entonces se deduce lógicamente que debemos rechazar el Calvinismo. Es decir, si Dios es un Ser Máximamente Grande y el infierno eterno es una realidad, entonces ¡el Calvinismo es falso! Afirmar todas estas cosas simultáneamente es lógicamente incoherente. Si nos importa la VERDAD, y si afirmamos que el Cristianismo es verdadero, entonces debemos evitar incoherencia lógica como si fuera una peste ya que afirmar que el Cristianismo es lógicamente incoherente es lo mismo que afirmar que ¡“El Cristianismo no es verdad”![7]
       Después de entender el conocimiento medio omnisciente de Dios y la diferencia entre mundos lógicamente posibles y viables, uno puede (y debe) lógicamente desechar la “I” de TULIP y el Calvinismo mismo.[8] Creo que el Molinismo provee una explicación superior de la realidad. De acuerdo con mi amigo, Randy Everist, “Si crees que tienes libre albedrío y que Dios no te fuerza a realizar todas las cosas que hacer, y si crees que Dios sabe todo lo que podría suceder, lo que sucederá, y lo que hubiera sucedido en cualquier circunstancia diferente, entonces eres un Molinista” (si te das cuenta de ello o no).
¡Manténganse razonables (Filipenses4:5)!
Tim Stratton (a.k.a. The Thinking Theist)
P.S. (Abril 9, 2015)

Versión editada:[9]

1. Si el Calvinismo es verdad, todo aquel a quien Dios le provea “gracia irresistible” irá al Cielo y no sufrirá infierno eterno.
2. Si Dios es omnibenevolente, Él no desearía, ni  enviaría a alguien a sufrir el infierno eterno por elecciones que eran incapaces de hacer sin la Gracia Irresistible de Dios.
3. Si Dios es omnipotente, Él podría proveer gracia irresistible a todas las personas.
4. Si Dios es omnisciente, él sabría como proveer gracia irresistible a todas las personas.
5. Algunas personas sufren el infierno eterno.
6. Si el Calvinismo es verdadero, las personas que sufren en el infierno eterno están ahí por cosas de las cuales no fueron responsables y “elecciones” que eran incapaces de hacer sin la gracia irresistible de Dios. 
7.Por lo tanto, ya sea Dios no es omnibenevolente, o no es omnipotente, o no es omnisciente (escoger al menos una), o la gracia irresistible (y el Calvinismo) es falso.
Notes:


[1] Aquí está un artículo que escribí que lidia con la interpretación hermenéutica de Romanos 9 y otros pasajes de la Escritura. Próximo a traducirse: http://freakengministries.com/free-will-calvinism-romans-9/
[2] Debate de Craig vs. Hitchens: https://youtu.be/4KBx4vvlbZ8
[3] Más sobre Molinismo vs. Calvinismo de William Lane Craig aquí: http://www.reasonablefaith.org/spanish/turbado-por-los-calvinistas

[5] Es la cualidad de estar siempre preocupado por el bien de los demás. Máximamente amoroso, bueno y misericordioso para con los demás. Totalmente amoroso e infinitamente bueno.
[6] Un agradecimiento especial a Steve Williams y a Randy Everist por ayudarme a traducir mi argumento en una forma lógica simbólica. Randy lo mapeo en una forma mucho más profunda y detallada, pero la forma de arriba salva espacio.
[7] “¡El Cristianismo no es verdad!” http://freakengministries.com/christianity-is-not-true/
[8] Me gustaría agradecer a Michael Licona por darme la idea sobre el título de éste artículo (y tal vez de un futuro libro)-
[9] Me gustaría agradecer a Peter Byrom y a Sean Hays por ayudarme a fortalecer este argumento. En efecto, “El hierro se afila con hierro, y el hombre, con otro hombre.” (Proverbios 27:17, DHH)

Tuesday, May 5, 2015

Preaching the Gospel...I do not think that phrase means what you think it means.

Rom 15:18 For I will not venture to speak of anything except what Christ has accomplished through me to bring the Gentiles to obedience—by word and deed, by the power of signs and wonders, by the power of the Spirit of God—so that from Jerusalem and all the way around to Illyricum I have fulfilled the ministry of the gospel of Christ;

A simple verse at the end of the most profound letter ever written, but it carries some implications that might be overlooked unless understood in its context.

1)Paul begins this letter by saying to a church that was full of both mature and immature Christians,
(Rom 1:11-15) "For I long to see you, that I may impart to you some spiritual gift to strengthen you— that is, that we may be mutually encouraged by each other's faith, both yours and mine. I do not want you to be unaware, brothers, that I have often intended to come to you (but thus far have been prevented), in order that I may reap some harvest among you as well as among the rest of the Gentiles. I am under obligation both to Greeks and to barbarians, both to the wise and to the foolish. So I am eager to preach the gospel to you also who are in Rome."

This gives us a clue that what we commonly mean by "preach the gospel" is not what Paul means.

2) Paul shared the Gospel and planted churches for decades and fully understood the great commission was not to evangelize and put these new converts in the care of someone else, but to "go and make disciples, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you."

So connect this first verse with what Paul says at the end, and we can get into Paul's head to understand what he was thinking at the time. You see, he was called to go preach the Gospel to the Gentiles. So he went, and evangelized, then would spend days ministering and teaching those new converts. Even when he was stoned (possibly killed) he got up, went back into the city and finished ministering to them, promising them to stay in contact with them and send others to teach and build them up. As soon as he got wind that someone was teaching them something wrong, he wrote I and II Thess. That kind of immediate follow up is unheard of in today's missions trips.

As a missionary and short term missions leader I can confirm that what we mean by sharing the gospel is definitely not what Paul meant. We use it as a means of counting heads and calling this the fruit of our churches. Paul wrote to a church full of strong and weak Christians and said, "I have wanted to share the gospel with you all for some time!" For Paul, making sure that those new converts understood not just the doctrines in Romans but also the implications and applications of those doctrines. It wasn't until he had accomplished this could he say, "I have fulfilled the ministry God gave me in that region," and it was off to a new "mission field."

When we send out "evangelists" to share the gospel in the furthest corners of the earth, and come back with huge numbers but we are not committed to these converts by assisting in training them up and making them into strong Disciples that can grow on their own, we have failed the Great Commission.

Many churches today are the result of this kind of lack of follow through and "so-called" missions. It is no wonder that the world is filled with churches that fall easily into heresy, cause divisions in the body, watered down preaching, and preach easy-fix gospels.

As Pastors we need to commit to do ministry the way Christ and Paul exampled for us...not just in thousands annually that hear the gospel but to commit to make these same ones into strong Christ dependent disciples that are strong in their walks, doctrines, teachings, methods, etc. Let us knock off short term church plants and missions that are more of a salt-gun effect, but rather go where the Lord is leading and invest all that our churches have to build up those areas to the fullness of the measure of Christ.

Let us be Proud of what Christ has accomplished through us so that we can say as Paul said after decades of sacrifice, follow-through, faithfulness, and plain old hard work..." as ministers of Christ Jesus... in the priestly service of the gospel of God, so that the offering of the Gentiles may be acceptable, sanctified by the Holy Spirit. In Christ Jesus, then, I have reason to be proud of my work for God"...and finally, "I have fulfilled the ministry of the gospel of Christ"
— at Escuela Superior de Teologia, Real Del Alamito, SON. Mexico

Thursday, January 22, 2015

Notes from the desk...: The just shall live by faith...in the Gospel. NOTE...

Notes from the desk...: The just shall live by faith...in the Gospel. NOTE...: How quickly we forget the foundation. It started as I was preparing to teach through Romans, but as soon as I began to focus on the theme ...

The just shall live by faith...in the Gospel. NOTES on Romans Ch. 1

How quickly we forget the foundation.

It started as I was preparing to teach through Romans, but as soon as I began to focus on the theme for the book this topic hit me head on. As Peter said, "it is good that I keep you in remembrance of these things."

How quickly we forget some basics...since we are saved, we grow, we begin to get into ministry or start to apply our new life in Christ to our daily lives, and in the process we learn about the do's and dont's of a life devoted to God. Not that this isn't a good thing, because it is. And it is essential to grow in that grace. "For how can those who have been saved from sin continue in it?" The problem is not that we don't learn the "thou shalt not" or "thou shalt" aspects of practical living. The problem is that we divorce it from the theology of grace by which we were saved.

Let me explain. Paul reminds the church in Rome that they are saved "by grace through faith and not by any works of the flesh." This means that there is nothing I can do that merits favor from God. If there was something I could do to merit favor from God, then it would not be grace, it would be obligated to me. And God is obligated to no man or woman. Now keeping this in mind, as we learn about what is righteous and unrighteous, is essential. So that as I do these things, I don't fall into the trap of thinking that somehow the grace that I need on a daily basis is necessarily connected to my "righteous deeds." Because if they were, then God would be obligated to give me favor for my deeds, and there we go...fallen from grace.
But how do grace and works interact? Surely God has some compensation for maintaining my righteous deeds on a daily basis. But if it is not favor and blessings, then what is it? The key is to maintain these two in a tension and understand that my good deeds do not earn me favor from God. It is what is essential to simply maintain my relationship with God. When I begin to practice sin willfully and without repentance, my relationship is damaged. As John taught, How can one be in the darkness and the light at the same time? The rhetorical answer is that it is impossible. The light cannot exist in the darkness since the darkness is the absence of light. And the light illuminates all things making darkness impossible in the light. When I am constantly guarding my conscience and actions from sin, I am "abiding in Christ." This however does not obligate God to give me anything or do anything for me. I am simply receiving the reward of HIM. Nothing more nothing less. And this is all the reward I need. It is also based on the work of Jesus, not of my good works.

Now, through on this ongoing relationship, God now chooses to give grace for living and for ministry. Think of this as me simply making sure that the hose connecting my spout to the water source is free from blockage. When the hose is clear, then God sends water in my direction as he sees fit, not because somehow I have earned the water. It is still based on the righteousness of Christ and not on ours. He gives grace because of Christ and his love for the Son. The Spirit gives his gifts because of his love for the Son. And all of this is because the son loves us enough to give his death as the payment for our sin so that we even have "a hose" at all!!!

It is through our "position in Christ" that we have any favor at all. But when the connection is free, the grace can flow through. Not BECAUSE I am living righteously, but simply because I am "In the Son, and the Son is in me"...It is no longer I that live, but Christ that lives in me, Paul says.

Now let me bring this full circle to see the implications of this through the wording of Romans 1. If we, the righteous, who have the imparted righteousness of Christ credited to us based on our faith in Christ, LIVE by faith, then it is not my works that I live by. My works have a different function. They maintain my relationship and fellowship with God by repenting from sin and striving to please him in all that I do. But the relationship allows me to receive favor and grace that I do not deserve when God sees fit, and how God sees fit. This allows me to walk humbly with my God as I do good works and they glorify God in heaven for it as I point all glory to God for his grace and mercy that he has given to me.

If for a moment I confuse the two and think that as I do more righteous deeds, then God will give me more favor, then I make my works to be worthy of his favor. I have in essence said to God in my heart, "See my good works God! These show that I DESERVE your favor and grace." OOPS. For God resists the proud but gives grace to the humble.

On the other hand if I say in my heart, "Lord, I purify my life as much as I can of the sin that you hate and therefore, based on your promise and the sacrifice of your Son, make your home in me! Fill me with your presence!" He will. But then, because of this useful relationship, God begins to do amazing things through me by the favor and grace that he gives. Ministry, outreach, wisdom imparted, gifts fanned into flames, and the growth that comes spiritually as I am taught by him through his word and in prayer or in discipleship relationships... All of these are graces that he gives simply because he desires to do his ministry in this world though us, his church! Thus we LIVE by FAITH and through the POWER of the GOSPEL that we are saved by grace through faith, and not by our good works. The application of this humility is necessary to be repeatedly played out in our lifelong relationship with God. The gospel is 'from faith to faith,' or from beginning to end, as most understand this phrase in Romans 1.

The failure to understand our life in Christ in light of the gospel of grace is that arrogance and carnality will ensue. That truth was specifically played out in the churches of Galatia, Corinth and in Rome. And unfortunately it is played out in our lives on a daily basis. Each moment that we think that the outpouring of God to others is BECAUSE we have follow the "righteous rules" that he has shown us, we have fallen from grace and arrogance is present.  And God resists the proud. We have lost our first love.

But when we focus on maintaining a clear conscience in regards to the sin that he brings to our attention and maintain that abiding relationship IN CHRIST, then (by his grace and by faith in the glorious gospel that tells us, he loves us even though we do not deserve it, and he blesses us because of the imputed righteousness of the perfect lamb) God gives us favor and grace to do things that we could never do in and of ourselves. And all the glory is for him. For he gives grace to the humble, and he sets before us doors that no one can shut.

Let us then glory in our weaknesses and bask in his love and undeserved grace. Let us find reward here on earth only in his presence, and let us seek in heaven after those riches that are stored up for us not here on earth, so that we can cast our crowns before his throne...since all glory, all praise, and all honor are HIS alone. May we all grow in grace and the knowledge of Jesus.